The DARPA No Manning Required Ship (NOMARS) program recently completed a successful first test of at-sea refueling designed for use with the program’s Defiant unmanned surface vessel (USV). The USV Defiant is intended to operate autonomously for long durations at sea and is designed from the ground up with no provision, allowance, or expectation for humans on board. U.S. Navy PMS-406 (the Unmanned Maritime Systems Program Office) and USV Squadron 1 (USVRON-1) conducted the test in partnership, using two of the PMS-406 experimental USVs: Ranger and Mariner.
Fueling at sea (FAS) for USVs presents a problem that needs to be solved as current FAS solutions use personnel to handle lines and hoses on the platform being refueled. Requiring personnel on the USV for the operation adds significant constraints on USV design and operations, as the vessel must then be designed with considerations for safety of the humans on board, even if for a short period of time. It can also be risky and sometimes dangerous to transport personnel to a USV in rough seas or high winds.