What are good methodologies for measuring the resilience of global navigation satellite systems?

a GPS satellite orbiting earth with superimposed image of a sand dial and digital clock
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of orbiting satellites that provides position, navigation, and timing data to military and civilian users globally. The system is operated and controlled by Space Delta 8, a component of U.S. Space Force, headquartered at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. Source: https://www.ssc.spaceforce.mil/Connect-With-Us/Image-Gallery/igphoto/2003631872

Posted on May 7, 2025 | Completed on August 1, 2023 | By: Scott Armistead, Taylor H. Knight

What are good methodologies for measuring the resilience of global navigation satellite systems?

This inquiry summarizes test and measurement methods and equipment to characterize the resiliency of various global navigation satellite systems, including the Global Positioning System (GPS) coarse acquisition code; P(Y) code; Selective Availability Antispoofing Module; GPS Block III M-code; and Link 16 multimodal position, navigation, and timing systems. In addition, basic working principles; spectral alignment; and conducted/radiated testing with multi-antenna configurations, including controlled reception pattern antenna tests, standard GNSS test parameters, and additional PNT systems such as the Southern Positioning Augmentation Network Satellite-Based Augmentation System are reviewed.

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